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mt DNA Results yDNA Results

 

mtDNA results

So far we have found the following HaploGroups:
 
Maternal (mtDNA) Haplogroups
K
L0d
L2a
L2b
L3d
L5
R6
M

mtDNA Results by Haplogroup
Descriptions by Dr. Ana Oquendo Pabon

K
K - Haplogroup K is a clade of the super Haplogroup U. It is approximately 16,000 years old and believed to have originated in Asia. It is currently found throughout Europe due to its expansion in the pre Neolithic period after the Last Glacial Maximum. Haplogroup K is one of Dr. Bryan Syke's original "Seven Daughters of Eve" and is known as Katrine. The 3000-5000 year old Oetzi, the Iceman is a member of Haplogroup K. Certain subgroups within Haplogroup K have been recently determined to be among the founding mtDNA lineages for a significant proportion of Ashkenazim.
C-537 K 224C 245T 311C 519C              
 
L0d
L0d - Haplogroup L0 and L1 are the most basal of all African mtDNA lineages. Within L0, L0d is its most ancient and most basal branch. It is nearly exclusively found among southern African ''click'' speakers with two monophyletic clades existing in the east in Tanzanians and in the south in the South African Khoisan (SAK). A few haplotypes found in Mozambique are most likely due to gene flow from interaction with the SAK.
J-517 L0d 129A 187T 189C 212G 223T 230G 243C 311C 390A 519C  
G-519 L0d 129A 187T 189C 218T 223T 239T 243C 294T 311C 519C  
E-531 L0d 129A 187T 189C 223T 230G 239T 243C 294T 311C 325C 519C
V-520 L0d 129A 187T 189C 230G 234T 243C 266A 311C 519C    
N-544 L0d 129A 188.1C 189C 223T 230G 239T 243C 294T 311C 519C  
O-837 L0d 148T 187T 189C 223T 230G 234T 242T 243C 311C 519C  
 
L2a
L2a – Sub-clade L2a is found in Africa. This haplogroup dates to approximately 55,000 years ago, and is detected in highest frequency in north, west, and central Africa. Future work will further document the historical distribution of this haplogroup and closely related haplogroups of the L cluster.
H-522 L2a 182C 183C 189C 223T 278T 290T 294T 309G 390A    
 
L2b
Haplogroup L2 is native to sub-Saharan Africa, where it is present in approximately one third of all people. It is believed to have arisen between 87,000 to 107,000 years. L2 has four main subgroups: L2a, L2b, L2c, and L2d.
C-545 L2b 114A 129A 213A 223T 274A 278T 390A        
 
L3d
L3d – Sub-clade L3d is a small mtDNA haplogroup which is mainly of western African origin. A few haplotypes are found in eastern, southeastern and less commonly, southern Africa. The latter is a consequence of the Bantu expansions and the interaction between the Bantu and Khoisan speakers. L3d is also one of the two most frequent haplogroups found in the Fulani and has a high frequency in inhabitants of Mozambique.
A-515 L3d 124C 223T 319A                
 
L5
L5 - Haplogroup L5 is a rare but ancient haplogroup which previously was known as Haplogroup L1e. It has been found in low frequencies in the Mbuti Pygmies, eastern Egypt and Tanzania.
A-514 L5 129A 148T 166G 183- 187T 189C 192T 223T 278T 311C 355T
 
M*
M – Haplogroup M has been characterized as generally of east Eurasia—a geographic region that includes south Asia, east Asia, and Australasia. One of the two deep roots of the mitochondrial tree of haplogroups found in Asia, haplogroup M* dates to approximately 70,000 years ago. Interestingly, one of the sub-haplogroups of the M cluster, haplogroup M1, is found primarily in northern Africa, suggesting either a very early divergence near the root of haplogroup M or even migration back to Africa after the original dispersal into Eurasia. Future work will further document the historical distribution of this root haplogroup and closely related haplogroups within the M cluster.
D-518 M 129A 223T 264T 265C 311C, 519C          
L-533 M 179- 223T 302G 519C              
 
R6
Haplogroup R6 is found in the Indian sub-continent.
J-542 R6 129A 169T 362C 519C              
                         

 

 

yDNA results

Below are the test results for four of our participants.
These are not listed in any particular order at this time as to maintain anonymity.
So far we have found the following HaploGroups:
     

Paternal (yDNA) Results
A
B2a1a
E
E1
E1b1a
E3a
R1b1c
R2
 

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Y-DNA Haplogroups (descriptions for YSNP Tree from ISOGG):

 

  • B – Y-DNA Haplogroup B, like Y-DNA haplogroup A, is seen only in Africa and is scattered widely, but thinly across the continent. B is thought to have arisen approximately 50,000 years ago. These haplogroups have higher frequencies among hunter-gather groups in Ethiopia and Sudan, and are also seen among click language-speaking populations. The patchy, widespread distribution of these haplogroups may mean that they are remnants of ancient lineages that once had a much wider range but have been largely displaced by more recent population events. Some geographic structuring is seen between the sub-groups B2a (B-M150) and B2b (B-M112). Sub-group B2b is seen among Central African Pygmies and South African Khoisan. Sub-group B2a is seen among Cameroonians, East Africans, and among South African Bantu speakers. B2a1a (B-M109) is the most commonly seen sub-group of B2a.

  • E – Y-DNA Haplogroup E probably arose in Northeast Africa, if one looks only at the concentration and variety of E subclades in that area today. But the fact that Haplogroup E is closely linked with Haplogroup D, which is not found in Africa, leaves open the possibility that E first arose in the Near or Middle East and was subsequently carried into Africa by a back migration. Today E* is found predominantly in Ethiopia. E1 and E2 are found in Northeast Africa, but surveys show E1 may actually be more prevalent in Mali than in its presumed region of origin

  • E1b1a – A subset of Y-DNA Haplogroup E, E1b1a is an African lineage that probably expanded from northern Africa to sub-Saharan and equatorial Africa with the Bantu agricultural expansion. E1b1a is the most common lineage among African Americans.

  • R1b – Y-DNA Haplogroup R is mainly represented in two lineages, R1a and R1b. Lineage R1b originated prior to the end of the last ice age where it was concentrated in refugia in southern Europe and Iberia and is the most common in European populations. It is especially common in the west of Ireland where it approaches 100% of the population.

  • R2 – Y-DNA Haplogroup R2 is most often observed in Asia, especially on the Indian sub-continent and in central Asia.

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